1. Procedure Text
Definition and Purpose of Procedure Text
Procedure is a text that show a process in order or how to make something. Its purpose is to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of series
Definisi dan tujuan dari Teks Prosedur
Prosedur adalah teks yang menunjukkan suatu proses atau cara membuat sesuatu. Fungsi sosialnya adalah untuk menggambarkan bagaimana sesuatu benar-benar dilakukan melalui urutan seri
Generic Structure of Procedure Text
1. Goal: showing the purpose
2. Material: Telling the needed materials
3. Step 1-end: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose
Struktur Umum dari Teks Prosedur
1. Tujuan: menunjukkan tujuan
2. Bahan: Menceritakan bahan yang dibutuhkan
3. Langkah 1-end: Menggambarkan langkah-langkah untuk mencapai tujuan
Language Feature of Procedure Text
-Using sequences
-Using temporal conjunction
-Using action verb
-Using imperative sentence
-Using Simple Present Tense
Fitur Bahasa dari Teks Prosedur
-Menggunakan urutan
-Menggunakan temporal conjunction
-Menggunakan kata kerja
-Menggunakan kalimat imperatif
-Menggunakan Simple Present Tense
Example:
How to make Meatballs
Ingredients:
- 1 kilo of very fine minced meat (preferably beef)
- 2 eggs
- 300 grams of tapioca-flour
- 4-8 cloves of garlic
- 1 red onion
- 1 teaspoon of white pepper
- 2 teaspoons of salt
The steps to make meatballs
These steps are instruction on how to make meatballs, just meatball, the soup is madeseparately.
First of all,mix garlic, red onion, salt, and white pepper in a mortar or mixer.
Second step, mix the spice-mixture with the eggs, the tapioca-flour and the minced meat.
After that, use your fingers, add a cup of water, and keep on working until the mixture feels soft and smooth.
Then, boil some water in a rather large pot, at least about 2 liters.
Next step, start rolling the mixture into small meatballs.
Finally, lower the meatballs into the boiling water. When they float up to the surface the meatball are ready to serve.
Example of Question
(Based on the text)
1. What type of text is the text above?
a. Descriptive
b. Procedure
c. Narrative
d. Recount
2. What does the text tell about?
a. Meatballs
b. How to Make Meatballs
c. How to Make Soup
d. The ingredients of Soup
3. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To persuade the readers to make it
b. To describe how something is made
c. To inform people about cooking
d. To entertain the readers
4. How many steps are there to make meatballs?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
5. How many kinds of ingredients do we need to make meatballs?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
2. Descriptive Text
The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.
Definisi dan Tujuan dari Teks Deskriptif
Teks deskriptif adalah teks yang menyatakan seperti apa seseorang atau sesuatu. Tujuannya adalah untuk menggambarkan dan mengungkapkan ciri-ciri orang, tempat, atau benda.
The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text has structure as below:
Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.
Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.
Struktur Umum dari Teks Deskriptif
Teks deskriptif memiliki struktur sebagai berikut:
Identifikasi, mengidentifikasi fenomena yang akan dijelaskan.
Keterangan, menggambarkan fenomena dalam bagian, kualitas, atau / dan karakteristik.
The Language Feature of Descriptive Text
Using attributive and identifying process.
Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.
Using simple present tense
Fitur Bahasa dari Teks Deskriptif
Menggunakan atributif dan mengidentifikasi proses.
Menggunakan kata sifat dan pengklasifikasi dalam kelompok nominal.
Menggunakan simple present tense
Example:
My Cat Gregory
Gregory is my beautiful gray Persian cat. He walks with pride and grace, performing a dance of disdain as he slowly lifts and lowers each paw with the delicacy of a ballet dancer. His pride, however, does not extend to his appearance, for he spends most of his time indoors watching television and growing fat.
He enjoys TV commercials, especially those for Meow Mix and 9 Lives. His familiarity with cat food commercials has led him to reject generic brands of cat food in favor of only the most expensive brands.
Gregory is as finicky about visitors as he is about what he eats, befriending some and repelling others. He may snuggle up against your ankle, begging to be petted, or he may imitate a skunk and stain your favorite trousers. Gregory does not do this to establish his territory, as many cat experts think, but to humiliate me because he is jealous of my friends.
Example of Question
(Based on the text)
1. What type of text is the text above?
a. Descriptive
b. Procedure
c. Narrative
d. Recount
2. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To persuade the readers to make it
b. To describe how something is made
c. To describe something
d. To entertain the readers
3. What does the text tell about?
a. gray cat
b. white cat
c. green cat
d. red cat
4. Who is Gregory?
a. The writer’s name
b. The writer’s cat’s name
c. The writer’s father’s name
d. The writer’s friend’s name
5. “He enjoys TV commercials, especially those for Meow Mix and 9 Lives”
What dose the underlined word refer to?
a. The writer’s friend
b. The writer’s father
c. The writer’s cat
d. The writer
3. Recount Text
Definition and Purpose of Recount Text
Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative
Definisi dan Tujuan dari Recount Text
Recount adalah teks yang menceritakan kembali kejadian atau pengalaman di masa lalu. Tujuannya adalah baik untuk menginformasikan atau menghibur penonton. Tidak ada komplikasi antara peserta dan yang membedakan dari narasi
Generic Structure of Recount Text
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time
2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past
3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story
Struktur Umum dari Recount Text
1. Orientasi: Memperkenalkan peserta, tempat dan waktu
2. Peristiwa/Kejadian: Menggambarkan peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lalu
3. Reorientasi: Ini adalah opsional. Menyatakan komentar pribadi dari penulis cerita
Language Feature of Recount Text
• Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
• Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
• Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
• Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
• Using simple past tense
Fitur Bahasa dari Recount Text
• Memperkenalkan peserta pribadi, saya, kelompok saya, dll
• Menggunakan koneksi kronologis, kemudian, pertama, dll
• Menggunakan kata kerja yang menghubungkan, adalah, yang, melihat, mendengar, dll
• Menggunakan kata kerja tindakan, melihat, pergi, mengubah, dll
• Menggunakan simple past tense
Example:
My Holiday was Fantastic
Last summer I got a fantastic holiday. I visited some great places.
I went to an airport and was going to fly to Cleveland. I was spending there two days. I liked to see some Cleveland Cavaliersbasketball matches.
Then I went to Hollywood. Hollywood is a famous district in Los Angeles, California, United States. It had become world-famous as the center of the film industry. Four major film companies – Paramount, Warner Bros., RKO and Columbia – had studios in Hollywood. I did not want to leave but I had to.
After that, I went to New York city. I visited the Statue of Liberty. I went from the bottom of Manhattan to the top of the crown. That was very amazing.
The places made me feel at home but I have to go home. Next time I would return to them.
Example of Question
(Based on the text)
1. What type of text is the text above?
a. Descriptive
b. Procedure
c. Narrative
d. Recount
2. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To persuade the readers to make it
b. To describe how something is made
c. To describe something
d. To entertain and inform the readers
3. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
a. I went to Hollywood
b. Hollywood is a famous district in Los Angeles, California, United States
c. I did not want to leave but I had to.
d. I went to New York city
4. How long the writer spend her time in the plane?
a. one hour
b. one day
c. two hours
d. two days
5. Where the writer spend his holiday?
a. US (United State)
b. UK (United Kingdom, England)
c. Brazil
d. Germany
4. Report Text
Definition of Report Text
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis
Definisi dari Laporan
Laporan adalah teks yang menyajikan informasi tentang sesuatu. Teks ini sebagai hasil dari pengamatan sistematis dan analisis.
Generic Structure of Report Text
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials
Struktur Umum dari Laporan
1. Klasifikasi Umum: Menyatakan klasifikasi aspek umum dari hal, hewan, tempat umum, tanaman, dll yang akan dibahas secara umum
2. Keterangan: Menggambarkan hal yang akan dibahas secara rinci, bagian per bagian, kebiasaan atau perbuatan untuk hidup makhluk dan penggunaan bahan
Language Feature of Report Text
• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
• Using simple present tense
Fitur Bahasa dari Laporan
• Memperkenalkan kelompok atau aspek umum
• Menggunakan koneksi logis kondisional, ketika, sehingga, dll
• Menggunakan simple present tense
Example:
Birds
Birds are interesting flying animals. They are vertebrates and warm blooded animals. They belong to aves class and they can be found all over the world.
Birds breath with their air pocket. Beside as respiration organ, air pocket also can enlarge or reduce their weight when flying or swimming.
There are many kinds of birds. Earth bird has special characteristic. They have different morphology according to their food and their habitat. Some of them eat seeds, pollen, fish or meat. There are some species that live in land and the others live in water. Land birds live on their nest.
Female birds have specific tasks. they lay eggs and feed their baby, Beside that they look for foods for their baby.
Example of Question
(Based on the text)
1. What type of text is the text above?
a. Descriptive
b. Procedure
c. Narrative
d. Recount
2. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To persuade the readers to make it
b. To describe how something is made
c. To describe something
d. To inform the readers
3. “They are vertebrates and warm blooded animals.”
What dose the underlined word refer to?
a. Mice
b. Birds
c. Cats
d. Tigers
4. Birds breath with their…..
a. air pocket
b. pollen
c. seeds
d. nest
5. This is the function of air pocket, except…
a. reduce their weight when flying or swimming
b. enlarge their weight when flying or swimming
c. breath
d. eat
5. Narrative Text
Definition and Purpose of Narrative Text
Narrative is a text which tells a story. They can be imaginary, factual or a combination of both. It’s purpose to entertains or informs the reader or listener.
Definisi dan Tujuan dari Teks Narasi
Naratif adalah teks yang berisi sebuah cerita. Cerita tersebut bisa berisi imajinasi, fakta atau kombinasi keduanya. Teks ini bertujuan untuk menghibur atau memberi informasi pada pembaca atau pendengar.
Generic Structure of Narrative Text
- Orientation – who, when, where
- Complication – event that causes a complication; there may be more than one in a story. Descriptive words are used to give information about characters and events.
- Evaluation – reaction by characters to the complication
- Resolution – solution to the problem
- Coda (optional) – lesson from the story
Struktur Umum dari Teks Narasi
- Orientasi – siapa, kapan, di mana
- Komplikasi – peristiwa yang menyebabkan komplikasi, mungkin ada lebih dari satu dalam sebuah cerita. Kata deskriptif digunakan untuk memberikan informasi tentang karakter dan peristiwa.
- Evaluasi – reaksi oleh karakter untuk komplikasi
- Resolusi – solusi untuk masalah tersebut
- Coda (opsional) – pelajaran dari cerita
Language Features of Narrative Text
Description of characters and places using:
– Adjectives to describe nouns – heavy, frosty, transparent, grumpy
– Adverbs – to describe verbs – quickly, secretly, quietly, energetically, suddenly
– Similes – to compare one thing with another, using like or as … as – as bright as the moon, the kiss felt like a butterfly’s wings against her cheek
– Time words – Once upon a time, long ago, then, last week
– Verbs indicating actions in the story – hid, ate, ran, whispered, looked
Fitur Bahasa dari Teks Narasi
Deskripsi karakter dan tempat dengan menggunakan:
– Kata sifat untuk menggambarkan kata benda – berat, dingin, transparan, pemarah
– Kata keterangan – untuk menggambarkan verba – cepat, diam-diam, diam-diam, penuh semangat, tiba-tiba
– Perumpamaan – untuk membandingkan satu hal dengan yang lain, seperti menggunakan atau sebagai …
sebagai – seterang bulan, ciuman terasa seperti sayap kupu-kupu terhadap pipinya
– Waktu kata – Sekali waktu, lama, maka, pekan lalu
– Kata kerja-menunjukkan tindakan dalam cerita – bersembunyi, makan, berlari, berbisik, tampak.
Example:
The Hungry Mouse
A mouse was having a very bad time. She could find no food at all. She
looked here and there, but there was no food, and she grew very thin.At
last the mouse found a basket, full of corn. There was a small hole in
the basket, and she crept in. She could just get through the hole.Then
she began to eat the corn. Being very hungry, she ate a great deal, and
went on eating and eating. She had grown very fat before she felt that
she had enough.
When the mouse tried to climb out of the basket, she could not. She was too
fat to pass through the hole.”How shall I climb out?” said the mouse.
“Oh, how shall I climb out?”Just then a rat came along, and he heard the
mouse.”Mouse,” said the rat, “if you want to climb out of the basket,
you must wait ‘till you have grown as thin as you were when you went in.”
Example of Question
(Based on the text)
1. What type of text is the text above?
a. Descriptive
b. Procedure
c. Narrative
d. Recount
2. What is the purpose of the text?
a. To persuade the readers to make it
b. To describe how something is made
c. To describe something
d. To entertain the readers
3. What is the title of the text?
a. The Hungry Mouse
b. The Hungry Cat
c. The Hungry Lion
d. The Hungry Tiger
4. “She could find no food at all.”
What dose the underlined word refer to?
a. Mouse
b. Rat
c. Cat
d. Birds
5. “if you want to climb out of the basket,
you must wait ‘till you have grown as thin as you were when you went in.”
Who is said that?
a. Mouse
b. Rat
c. Cat
d. Birds
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